On This Day: September 21

September 21 has served as a backdrop for transformative moments in human history, ranging from the rise of ancient empires to the shaping of modern international policy. Below are several notable events that occurred on this day throughout the centuries.

46 BC — The Triumphs of Julius Caesar

The Roman leader Julius Caesar held a grand, multi-day triumphal procession in Rome to celebrate his military victories in Gaul, Egypt, Pontus, and Africa. The event featured the captive Gaulish leader Vercingetorix, showcasing the expansive reach and power of the Roman Republic.

1780 — Benedict Arnold Commits Treason

American General Benedict Arnold met with British Major John André to finalize plans to surrender the strategic fort at West Point to British forces. This act of betrayal remains one of the most famous instances of espionage in the American Revolutionary War.

1792 — France Abolishes the Monarchy

The National Convention in France officially abolished the monarchy, marking the beginning of the First French Republic. This historic shift fundamentally altered the political landscape of Europe.

1938 — The Great New England Hurricane

A powerful and devastating hurricane struck the northeastern United States. The storm caused widespread destruction and resulted in the loss of hundreds of lives, remaining one of the most significant natural disasters in the region's history.

1964 — Malta Gains Independence

Malta officially gained its independence from the United Kingdom. This transition marked a new chapter for the Mediterranean nation as it moved toward self-governance.

1972 — Martial Law in the Philippines

President Ferdinand Marcos signed Proclamation No. 1081, placing the entire Philippines under martial law. This action initiated a long period of authoritarian rule that significantly impacted the nation's political and social structures.

1981 — Sandra Day O'Connor Confirmed

The United States Senate confirmed Sandra Day O'Connor as the first female Justice of the Supreme Court. Her appointment was a landmark moment for the American judiciary and gender representation in government.

2013 — Westgate Mall Attack

Militants from the extremist group al-Shabaab launched a violent siege on the Westgate shopping mall in Nairobi, Kenya. The attack resulted in the deaths of 63 shoppers and several security personnel before the situation was resolved by Kenyan forces.